A recent study highlights a gradual reduction in slum-covered land in Mumbai’s peninsular region, dropping by 8.6% over 17 years. From 47.7 sq km in 2005, the slum area declined to 43.6 sq km in 2022, revealing a dynamic transformation in one of India’s most densely populated cities.

A large proportion of urban migrants live in slums, informal settlements and unauthorized colonies, in order to save rental costs. They spend a substantial time commuting to their workplaces either by walking or cycling to reduce the travel expenses.